Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih al-Uthaymeen rahimahullaah in his Majmoo` Fataawaa vol. 20 pge. 37-38 was asked the following question:
Q: What do you say regarding fasting a day after `Aashooraa, as that which is legislated is fasting a day before it. (So), is fasting a day after `Aashooraa established by way of an authentic narration from the Messenger of Allaah sallAllaahu `alaihi wa sallam?
A: (It has been reported) in the ‘Musnad’ of Imaam Ahmad: “Fast a day before it or a day after it. Differ from the Jews.”
[Reported by Ahmad 1/241, and Ibn Khuzaymah no. 2095, and Abdur-Razzaaq in his ‘Musannaf’ no. 7839, and by al-Haythamee in ‘Majmauz Zawaaid‘ 3/191; reported by Ahmad and al Bazzaar and in its chain of narration is Muhammad ibn Abee Laylaa – and there is some speech concerning him.]
And differing from the Jews is:
(a) Either by fasting the ninth day – as the Prophet sallAllaahu `alaihi wa sallam said: “If I live until the next year, I will certainly fast on the ninth day.” [Reported by Muslim no. 1134] Meaning: Along with the tenth day.
(b) Or by fasting a day after it; as the Jews used to single out the tenth day (with fasting).
So differing from them is achieved by fasting a day before it or a day after it.
And Ibnul-Qayyim rahimahullaah mentioned in ‘Zaadul Ma`aad‘ that fasting the day of `Aashooraa is of four types:
(1) That he fasts the tenth day alone.
(2) Or he fasts it [the tenth day] along with the ninth day.
(3) Or he fasts it [the tenth day] along with the eleventh day.
(4) Or he fasts all three days (i.e. the ninth, tenth, and eleventh together). And in fasting all three days there is an additional benefit – and it is that he achieves fasting three days from the month.
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The full narration as it appears in the ‘Musnad’ of Imaam Ahmad #2154:
Hushaym narrated to us that: Ibn Abee Laylaa informed us: from Dawood ibn Alee: from his father: from his grandfather Ibn Abbaas that he said: The Messenger of Allaah sallAllaahu `alaihi wa sallam said: “Fast the day of Aashooraa, and differ from the Jews with regards to it; fast a day before it, or a day after it.”
Shaykh al-Albaanee rahimahullaah mentions in his “Silsilatul Ahaadeeth ad-Da`eefah” vol. 9 pge. 288:
#4297 [If I live until the next year I would certainly order with fasting a day before it or a day after it – the day of Aashooraa.]
“With this complete wording it is very weak, and has in it contradiction of a weak narrator with a narrator who is reliable.
Reported by al-Bayhaqee in ‘as-Sunan’ 4/287 from Ibn Abee Laylaa, from Daawood bin Alee, from his father from his grandfather, attributed to the Prophet sallAllaahu alaihi wa sallam.
I say: This is a weak chain of narration. Dawud – and he is Ibn Alee bin Abdullaah bin Abbaas – is ‘Maqbool’, acceptable according to al-Haafiz [Ibn Hajar].
And Ibn Abee Laylaa – and he is: Muhammad bin Abdur-Rahmaan – is weak, having poor memory.
And it has been reported from him with the wording: (Fast a day before it or a day after it); without the mention of “If I live…” and it is referenced in ‘Hijaabul Mar’a al-Muslimah’ pg. 89.
And the mention of (fasting) a day after it is very weak, as it is contradictory to the authentic narration of Ibn Abbaas with the wording: “If I live until the next year I would certainly fast the ninth.”
Reported by Muslim, al-Bayhaqee, and other than them.”
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